Acid, Bases & Buffer U-2
Acids, Bases & Buffer
- Introduction: Acids, Bases, and Buffer
- Acid and Base Theory
- Buffer solution
- Buffers in pharmaceutical systems
- Buffered isotonic solutions
- Tonicity
- Measurements of tonicity
- Calculations of Isotonicity
- Methods of adjusting isotonicity
- Modified Limit Test for Chloride (Volhard Method)
- Modified Limit Test for Sulfate (Gravimetric Analysis)
Major extra and intracellular electrolytes
- Major Extra and Intracellular Electrolytes
- Sodium Chloride (NaCl): Electrolytes Used in Replacement Therapy
- Potassium Chloride (KCl): Electrolytes Used in Replacement Therapy
- Buffers in pharmaceutical systems
- Calcium Gluconate (C₁₂H₂₂CaO₁₄): Electrolytes Used in Replacement Therapy
- Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS): Electrolytes Used in Replacement Therapy
- Physiological acid base balance
Dental products
- Teeth
- Dentifrices
- Role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries
- Desensitizing agents
- Calcium carbonate: Desensitizing agents
- Sodium fluoride: Desensitizing agents
- Zinc eugenol cement: Desensitizing agents
Other Units of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
Other Subjects of B Pharmcy Semester 1

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Unit II – Acid, Bases & Buffer, Electrolytes, and Dental Products
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry – B Pharma 1st Semester (AKTU & PCI Syllabus)
At FirstHope, we provide well-organized and exam-ready notes that help students grasp complex topics in a simplified manner. Unit II of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry covers three major areas: acids, bases & buffers, electrolytes, and dental products—each crucial for understanding how inorganic compounds function within pharmaceutical and physiological systems.
Acids, Bases, and Buffers
To begin with, acids and bases form the foundation of many pharmaceutical preparations. Buffers, in particular, are essential in maintaining pH stability in biological and pharmaceutical systems.
Moreover, we discuss how pH influences drug solubility, absorption, and stability, making buffer systems a vital topic for B Pharma students.
Major Electrolytes and Physiological Ions
Furthermore, the body requires a balance of electrolytes for proper cellular function. In this section, we cover both extra- and intracellular ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride.
Additionally, we explain the role of electrolytes in maintaining fluid balance, nerve conduction, and muscle function, which ties into both clinical and pharmaceutical applications.
Dental Products
Lastly, dental products are a unique application of inorganic chemistry in pharmaceutical formulations. These products are designed for both preventive and therapeutic oral care.
Furthermore, our notes are aligned with PCI syllabus guidelines, ensuring consistency across AKTU and other pharmacy universities. Not only are they helpful for semester exams, but they are also designed to support GPAT and NIPER preparation.
To sum up, if you’re searching for easy-to-understand, high-quality BPharma notes, FirstHope is your ideal academic companion.
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