Endocrine system Notes U-4

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Endocrine system

Other Units of Human Anatomy-II

Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 5
Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 2nd Semester

Topic wise notes of:

Pathophysiology

  • Cell injury & Inflammation U-1
  • Cardiovascular, Renal System U-2
  • Respiratory & Urinary system U-3
  • Haematological Diseases U-4
  • Bones Diseases, Cancer U-5
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Topic wise notes of:

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I

  • Nomenclature & Isomerism U-1
  • Conjugate Dienes U-2
  • Alkyl Halides & Alcohols U-3
  • Carbonyl Compounds U-4
  • Carboxylic Acids U-5
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Biomolecules

Topic wise notes of:

Biochemistry

  • Biomolecules & Bioenergetics U-1
  • Carbohydrate metabolism U-2
  • Amino Acid Metabolism U-3
  • Nucleic acid metabolism U-4
  • Enzymes U-5
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Endocrine System – Summary

Unit IV focuses on the endocrine system, providing a comprehensive overview of hormone-producing glands, their functions, and related disorders. To begin with, it explains the classification of hormones based on their chemical nature—such as peptide, steroid, and amino acid-derived hormones—and the mechanism of hormone action, including how they bind to receptors and trigger specific physiological responses.

Furthermore, the unit delves into the structure and functions of key endocrine glands. The pituitary gland, often called the master gland, is discussed in detail for its role in regulating other endocrine organs. The thyroid and parathyroid glands are covered with emphasis on their roles in metabolism and calcium balance, respectively.

In addition, the adrenal glands are explained for their secretion of corticosteroids and adrenaline, which are vital in stress response and metabolic regulation. The pancreas, with its dual endocrine and exocrine functions, is highlighted for insulin and glucagon production, crucial in blood sugar control.

Moreover, the pineal gland and thymus are included for their roles in circadian rhythm and immune function. Lastly, common endocrine disorders such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and Addison’s disease are discussed, linking anatomical understanding to clinical relevance.

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