Respiratory and Urinary system Notes U-3

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Respiratory system

Urinary system

Other Units of Human Anatomy-II

Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 4
Unit 5
Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 2nd Semester

Topic wise notes of:

Pathophysiology

  • Cell injury & Inflammation U-1
  • Cardiovascular, Renal System U-2
  • Respiratory & Urinary system U-3
  • Haematological Diseases U-4
  • Bones Diseases, Cancer U-5
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Topic wise notes of:

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I

  • Nomenclature & Isomerism U-1
  • Conjugate Dienes U-2
  • Alkyl Halides & Alcohols U-3
  • Carbonyl Compounds U-4
  • Carboxylic Acids U-5
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Biomolecules

Topic wise notes of:

Biochemistry

  • Biomolecules & Bioenergetics U-1
  • Carbohydrate metabolism U-2
  • Amino Acid Metabolism U-3
  • Nucleic acid metabolism U-4
  • Enzymes U-5
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Respiratory and Urinary System – Summary

Unit III provides a detailed understanding of the respiratory & urinary systems, focusing on both structure and function. Beginning with the respiratory system, the unit emphasizes the anatomy of the lungs and the overall respiratory tract. Moreover, it explains the mechanism of respiration, including inspiration and expiration, and the regulation of respiratory activity by neural and chemical factors.

In addition, it covers essential topics such as lung volumes and capacities, which are vital in assessing pulmonary health. The transport of respiratory gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and tissues, is also elaborated. Furthermore, the unit discusses artificial respiration and resuscitation methods, highlighting emergency life-support techniques.

Transitioning to the urinary system, the unit explores the anatomy of the urinary tract, with a special focus on the kidneys and nephrons. It further explains the physiology of urine formation, covering filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Also included are the functions of the urinary tract, such as waste removal and water balance.

Additionally, the micturition reflex is discussed along with the kidney’s role in acid-base balance and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Lastly, common kidney disorders are introduced to connect theory with clinical relevance.

At FirstHope, we provide BPharm semester 1 notes that are topic-wise, easy to understand, and designed strictly as per the AKTU and Other Universities, hence designed according to PCI syllabus.

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