Haematological Diseases, Endocrine & Gastrointestinal System u-3 -

Unit II provides an in-depth overview of various haematological diseases, endocrine, nervous, and gastrointestinal disorders, essential for understanding systemic pathophysiology. It begins with haematological diseases, covering conditions like iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, hereditary and acquired anemias, and hemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder affecting clotting factors.

The unit then shifts to the endocrine system, discussing major disorders such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases including hypo- and hyperthyroidism, and imbalances of sex hormones, which affect reproductive and metabolic functions.

Moving to the nervous system, it addresses neurological disorders like epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke, explaining their causes and impacts on brain function. It also includes key psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting their symptoms and implications for mental health.

Finally, the unit covers the gastrointestinal system, focusing on peptic ulcers, which result from the erosion of the stomach lining due to excess acid or infection (e.g., H. pylori).

At FirstHope, we provide BPharm notes that are topic-wise, easy to understand, and designed strictly as per the AKTU and Other Universities, hence designed according to PCI syllabus.

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