Alkyl Halides & Alcohols Notes U-3

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Alkyl halides

  • Introduction to Alkyl Halides
  • Preparation of Alkyl Halides
  • Important chemical reaction
  • SN1 and SN2 reactions
  • SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions

Structure and uses of Important Alkyl halides

  • Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane)
  • Chloroform (Trichloromethane)
  • Trichloroethylene
  • Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
  • Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride)
  • Tetrachloromethane (Carbon Tetrachloride)
  • Iodoform (Triiodomethane)

Alcohols

  • Introduction to Alcohols
  • Preparation of alcohols
  • Important chemical reactions
  • Qualitative Tests

Structure and uses of Important Alcohols

  • Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
  • Methyl Alcohol (Methanol)
  • Chlorobutanol
  • Cetostearyl Alcohol
  • Benzyl Alcohol
  • Glycerol (Glycerin)
  • Propylene Glycol

Other Units of Human Anatomy-II

Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 4
Unit 5
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I

Other Subjects of B Pharmacy 2nd Semester

Topic wise notes of:

Pathophysiology

  • Cell injury & Inflammation U-1
  • Cardiovascular, Renal System U-2
  • Respiratory & Urinary system U-3
  • Haematological Diseases U-4
  • Bones Diseases, Cancer U-5
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Topic wise notes of:

Biochemistry

  • Nomenclature & Isomerism U-1
  • Conjugate Dienes U-2
  • Alkyl Halides & Alcohols U-3
  • Carbonyl Compounds U-4
  • Carboxylic Acids U-5
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Peripheral Nervous System

Topic wise notes of:

Human Anatomy & Physiology II

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Alkyl Halides and Alcohols – Summary

This unit covers the fundamental chemistry of alkyl halides and alcohols, focusing on their reactions, properties, and uses. It begins with a detailed explanation of SN1 and SN2 nucleophilic substitution reactions. The unit explores their kinetics, the order of reactivity of different alkyl halides, and the stereochemistry involved in each mechanism. Additionally, it addresses the rearrangement of carbocations, which is crucial in SN1 reactions, and provides a clear comparison between SN1 vs. SN2 reactions, highlighting the factors that influence each pathway, such as the nature of the substrate, solvent, nucleophile, and leaving group.

Moreover, the unit includes the structure and practical applications of common alkyl halides like ethyl chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, and iodoform, many of which have industrial and medical significance.

In the alcohols section, the unit discusses qualitative tests used to identify different types of alcohols. It also covers the structures and uses of various alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, cetostearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, and propylene glycol, which are commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial formulations.

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