Brain

• The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for processing sensory information, controlling movement, regulating vital functions, and enabling cognitive functions like thinking and memory.
• It consists of billions of neurons connected by trillions of synapses and is protected by the skull, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier.

Main Regions of the Brain:

1. Cerebrum:

• The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions.
• Divided into two hemispheres (left and right) and four lobes:
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Temporal Lobe
  • Occipital Lobe

2. Cerebellum:

• Located at the back of the brain.
• Responsible for motor coordination, balance, and movement precision.

3. Brainstem:

• Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
• Responsible for basic life-sustaining functions.
• Divided into three regions:
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla Oblongata

4. Diencephalon:

• Located between the cerebrum and brainstem.
• Consists of:
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus

5. Limbic System:

• A group of interconnected structures responsible for emotions, motivation, memory, and learning.
• Key components include:
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • Cingulate Gyrus

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