Preparation of Calcium Gluconate :
- Prepared by reacting calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide with gluconic acid (obtained through the fermentation of glucose by bacteria or fungi, such as Aspergillus niger):
- CaCO3 + 2C6H12O7 → Ca(C6H11O7)2 + CO2
- Ca (OH)2 + 2C6H12O7 → Ca(C6H11O7)2 + 2H2O
Properties of Calcium Gluconate :
- White or off-white, odorless, crystalline powder or granules
- Slightly soluble in water, forming a clear, colorless solution
- Practically insoluble in alcohol and ether
- A salt of gluconic acid and calcium, containing Ca²⁺ and gluconate ions (C₆H₁₁O₇⁻)
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Uses
- Used in electrolyte replacement therapy to treat hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the blood)
- Can be administered orally or intravenously based on the severity of the deficiency
- Used as an antidote for hyperkalemia, magnesium toxicity, and calcium channel blocker overdose in emergency medicine
- Used as a calcium supplement in cases of calcium deficiency, such as osteoporosis, rickets, and hypoparathyroidism
Assay
- Typically involves complexometric titration using a chelating agent like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
- Performed in the presence of an indicator like Eriochrome Black T or Calcon, which changes color at the endpoint
- The calcium ions are chelated with the EDTA solution, and the amount of EDTA consumed is used to calculate the percentage of calcium gluconate in the sample
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